24 HEURES

Brésil: Silence et Mémoire, 60 Ans Après le Coup d’État Militaire

9 avril 2024
144 63 2 minutes de lecture

À l’occasion du soixantième anniversaire du coup d’État militaire au Brésil, un événement qui a plongé le pays dans une dictature sanglante et durable de 1964 à 1985, une commémoration officielle était attendue pour rendre hommage aux victimes de cette période sombre. Pourtant, cette année, le président Lula a opté pour un silence remarqué, suscitant de nombreuses interrogations au sein de la société brésilienne et parmi les observateurs internationaux.

Sous la dictature militaire, le Brésil a connu des violations massives des droits humains, avec au moins 430 personnes tuées ou disparues et plus de 20,000 torturées. Une cérémonie officielle, orchestrée par le ministre des Droits de l’Homme, Sylvio Almeida, était prévue le 1er avril mais n’a jamais eu lieu, mise de côté par une décision présidentielle surprenante. Lula, lui-même un ancien dirigeant syndical ayant lutté contre la dictature, semble aujourd’hui préférer tourner la page plutôt que de raviver les souvenirs douloureux du passé.

Cette décision de ne pas commémorer l’anniversaire du coup d’État soulève de vives critiques, même au sein du parti de Lula, car elle paraît incohérente avec le parcours historique du président. D’autant plus que cette posture intervient dans un contexte où les tensions avec l’armée sont palpables, notamment après la tentative de coup d’État du 8 janvier 2023 par des sympathisants de l’ancien président d’extrême droite, Jair Bolsonaro.

Le Brésil, contrairement à ses voisins comme le Chili et l’Argentine, n’a jamais officiellement condamné les acteurs de la dictature militaire. La Commission nationale de la vérité, établie en 2012, a bien tenté d’enquêter sur les crimes commis, mais ses recommandations ont été largement ignorées. La transition démocratique brésilienne s’est construite sur l’oubli et l’amnistie, laissant le pays profondément divisé sur cette période de son histoire.

Le silence de Lula, 60 ans après, ne fait que souligner cette division et ce refus collectif de faire face aux démons du passé. Pour beaucoup, se souvenir et reconnaître les erreurs et les horreurs commises est essentiel pour comprendre le présent et éviter de répéter les mêmes erreurs. Mais pour d’autres, notamment les partisans de Bolsonaro et une partie de l’armée, le coup d’État est perçu comme une “révolution” nécessaire pour combattre le communisme.

Dans un Brésil encore ébranlé par les tentatives récentes de subversion de la démocratie, la décision de Lula de ne pas mettre en lumière les crimes de la dictature militaire pose la question de la capacité du pays à se réconcilier avec son passé. Sans mémoire, peut-il vraiment y avoir un avenir pour le Brésil, un pays où les plaies ouvertes par le coup d’État du 31 mars 1964 restent béantes?

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9 avril 2024
144 63 2 minutes de lecture

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